en آسيب شناسي Pathology Research Article Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Primary mediastinal masses account for 3% of all chest tumors. Owing to their heterogeneous clinical presentations and the need for precise diagnosis, this study evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of children with primary mediastinal masses admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran, between 2011 and 2021.<br> <b>Methods:</b> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 17 children under 18 years of age with primary mediastinal masses were evaluated using census sampling. Data were collected with a checklist that included age, sex, tumor location, presenting symptoms, tumor type, treatment received, and malignancy status. Prognosis and survival were subsequently assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, with Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests applied for survival assessment.<br> <b>Results:</b> Among the 17 patients, 12 (70.6%) were girls and 5 (29.4%) were boys. Five patients (29.4%) died during follow-up. Nine tumors (53%) were benign and eight (47%) were malignant. Ganglioneuroma was the most frequent tumor type (29.4%). Survival analysis showed no statistically significant association between survival and surgery (P=0.222), malignancy status (P=0.158), neural origin (P=0.666), chemotherapy (P=0.057), radiotherapy (P=0.752), tumor location (P=0.661), sex (P=0.670), or age (P=0.877).<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: The findings suggest that the distribution of histological types of primary mediastinal masses in children is influenced by anatomical location. However, age, sex, treatment type, and tumor location were not significantly associated with survival outcomes in this cohort.</span></span></p> Survival Analysis, Iran, Pediatrics, Clinical Pathology, Histology, Mediastinal Tumors 0 0 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1923-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahlagha Zahedi mahlaghazahedi@gmail.com 100319475328460032733 100319475328460032733 Yes Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sahar Abbasinia sahar.6795.abasinia@gmail.com 100319475328460032734 0009-0003-2042-2411 No Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran